Legal Aspects of International Marketing Trade and Enterprises

Question: Portray about the Legal Aspects of International Marketing Trade and Enterprises. Answer: 1. BHP Billiton is a global organization which takes part in mining and oil exercises. Headquarter of BHP Billiton is in Melbourne. In 2011 it turned into the biggest mining organization on the planet. The Strategy of BHP Billiton is to possess upstream resources as long as possible and with the support of ease (Australia Business Review, 2014). The Purpose of this organization is to make its investors esteem by the revelation, obtaining, improvement and advertising of normal resources.oil, gases and vitality coal. The Company is the biggest maker in the realm of iron metal, metallurgical coal, copper and uranium and furthermore has enthusiasm for the oil, gases and vitality coal. The Strategy of organization depends on enhancement: ware, geology and market (BHP Billiton, n.d.). BHP Billiton is an organization which is double recorded (DLC). It incorporates BHP Billiton Limited and BHP Billiton Plc. In 2001 this organization was made from the merger of 2 organizations that is BHP Limited which is currently known as BHP Billiton Limited and Billiton Plc which is presently known as BHP Billiton Plc. The Company works in Metal Mining Industry: Australia is probably the biggest maker of the universe of mineral items. It is the biggest area with very nearly 700 organizations which are engaged with investigation of minerals. In this segment universes biggest organizations are working, for example, BHP Billiton Rio Tinto. This industry is relying upon the value markets for the capital they required. Since 2009 Investors in Australia bolster 270 new asset coasts. There are different purposes behind posting of organizations occupied with Metals Mining are recorded on ASX: for getting to the capital from capital market. In this market there is a wide scope of institutional speculators and retail financial specialists. for giving chances to SMEs. it is a created advertise in significant mining districts on the planet (ASX, n.d.). BHP Billiton gives numerous chances to vocation improvement. They look for individuals who have aptitudes and furnish a chance to work with their organization. Following are the quantity of representatives from 2012 to 2015 in Australia is (Statista, n.d.): YEAR NO. OF EMPLOYEES 2012 19305 2013 21977 2014 23048 2015 21428 All inclusive 80368 representatives and contractual workers are working with BHP Billiton (BHP Billiton, n.d.) Area of worldwide headquarter of BHP Billiton: Home office of BHP Billiton Limited and worldwide headquarter of BHP Billiton Group are arranged in Melbourne, Australia. Home office of BHP Billiton Plc is arranged in London United Kingdom (BHP Billiton, n.d.). 2. Structure identified with Royalty payable to State Government: there is brief assessment data of Australia with respect to mining exercises. At the point when organization faces issues identified with an economy when mineral costs rise, that time government relies upon digging organizations for spread the setback of duty income. Let start the conversation with the concise information on Royalty; Royalty is the sum payable by the mining organization to the state government or domain from which organization removes the minerals. Paces of Royalty are not same, each state an area has its various rates. Numerous states forced level rate or rate which is benefit related, however most states force promotion valorem Royalty and on a FOB premise (ICLG, 2015). Following are the realities on the expense paces of Australia: The CIT rate is 30% in Australia. There are two kinds of mineral duties material in Australia: State eminence state sovereignty is paid at state level. It is paid based on the volume of minerals extricated. Rates appropriate on various minerals are: Copper: 2.7%-3.5% Gold: 0%-2.5% Iron Ore: 6.5%-7.5% Coal: 7.0%-10% The Amount paid for eminence is deducted in the computation of CIT. Minerals asset lease charge (MRRT): MRRT is paid on the government level. It is paid based on mining benefit. It is apply to coal and iron metal (mass ware) in Australia from 1 July 2012. Rates material on various minerals are: Copper: N/A Gold: N/A Iron Ore: 22.5% Coal: 22.5% The Amount paid for MRRT is deducted in estimation of the CIT. Social commitment is vital in Australia for mining organizations (PWC, 2012). Yearly report of 2015 of BHP Billiton shows the sum paid by the organization to the legislature. In 2015 organization paid all inclusive US$7.3 billion by method of duties, eminences and different installments to governments. Companys worldwide compelling assessment rate was 31.8% which is higher than the annual expense pace of OECD. Companys absolute commitment to the economy in 2015 was US$35.7 billion (BHP Billiton, n.d.). According to the yearly report of 2015 organization paid US$5245.0 to the Australian Government by method of assessments, eminences and other government installments (BHP Billiton, n.d.). There are some negative impacts additionally of installment of eminence in favor of organization, sovereignty sway seriously on the benefits of organizations which result that Australia turns out to be less appealing for organizations occupied with mining exercises. CEO Brendan Pearson said that Australia demand high duty on mining industry when contrasted with different nations and according to the examination of MCA 47.1% benefit of mining organizations are settled in assessments and sovereignties in Australia. It likewise influences the financial specialists of mining organizations additionally on the grounds that such high duty locale additionally influences the assets and benefit of speculators (Ingram, 2015). The Introduction of Mining Tax: directly mineral charges, for example, eminence are paid by the organization to the State Government Territory based on the minerals extricated by the organization from that state or domain. At the point when minerals cost is high in world still sovereignty installment had not expanded. 40% of benefits are paid by the organization in 2001 to the state government, however by and by portion of the benefit paid by the organization is under 20%, which expands the requirement for new duty. The Mining charge is otherwise called the Resource Super Profit Tax for example RSPT (Mining charge realities, n.d.). 3. Before examining the understandings, arrangements and shows identified with items and administrations of BHP Billiton, first talk about the significance and significance of bargains and understandings. An understanding under universal law which is entered between sovereign states and global associations are known as the settlement. It is otherwise called the global understanding between worldwide gatherings, convention, contract trade of letters. Typically settlements are contrasted with contracts on the grounds that as agreements in bargains likewise parties have commitments and in the event that gatherings flopped in satisfying their commitments, at that point parties are at risk under global law. Following are the settlements which influence the products and enterprises of BHP Billiton: Japan Australia Economic Partnership Agreement (JAEPA): The Partnership of Japan and Australia is generally significant for both the nations in regard of financial and vital intrigue. Australia is a greater provider of Japan for minerals and vitality and of food items moreover. In 2014-15 Australia was Japans second biggest exchanging accomplice and furthermore Japan was the second biggest merchant of Australia. Japan was likewise second biggest direct outside speculator in Australia. They reinforced their relationship by going into an understanding known as Japan Australia Economic Partnership Agreement (JAEPA) which was constrained in 2015, January (Australian Government: Department of outside Affairs and Trade, n.d.). Arrangements and finishes of this understanding are reported on seventh April 2014 in Tokyo by Prime Minister Tony Abbott and Shinzo Abe. In Canberra leaders of both the nations consented to the arrangement on eighth July 2014. JAEPA is very changing understanding led by Japan. Both the nations are regular accomplices. This understanding gives Japan an open door from send out normal assets from Australia (Australian Government: Department of outside Affairs and Trade, n.d.). JAEPA influences the trading of our organization. Iron mineral can be provided by the organization to Japan according to this understanding. This understanding gives monetary advantage to BHP Billiton on account of augmentation in exchange of merchandise of high caliber. Australia-India Joint Free Trade Agreement (FTA): There is viding development in the relationship of India and Australia lately. In most recent five years, exchange of products and enterprises is expanded every year by 24% in 2008-2009 to US$16 billion. For building progressively solid relationship both the nations take a shot at FTA in 2008. This understanding spreads exchange all products. This understanding evacuates limitations in remote speculations. It additionally takes a shot at expanding straightforwardness and invigorates the component of venture insurance. This understanding helps both the legislatures in the development of their economy. Following are the components of terms of understanding: Advantages showed up by both the administrations through FTA. To improve the allegation of products, administrations and speculations through FTA and furthermore tackle issues identified with licensed innovation, sterile and phytosanitary issues. For the development of exchange products through advancement. For the extension of administrations in different segments including work, common plans, and so on.. Make an ideal situation in both the nations for speculation reason. In Australia, FTA is a thorough understanding yet in India FTA covers just products (Australian Government: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, n.d.). AMEC Convention 2016: This show was held in Crown Perth from 8-9 June. The point of this show was to affect the issues looked by organizations and associations occupied with mining exercises in Australia. This show was sorted out by the AMEC (Association of Mining and Exploration Companies). AMEC is the body in Australia for the mining business. AMEC is the philanthropic association and works to assist the mining business. AMEC unite moderators of this industry from everywhere throughout the wo

The Benefits of Recycling Essay Example for Free

The Benefits of Recycling Essay Reusing is a crucial factor later on for our dearest home, Earth. On the off chance that we need to keep our property green, forestall contamination, ration common assets and spare our plants and creatures, reusing is a key factor in doing as such. Reusing lessens the measure of contamination going into earth. At the point when items are produced using new material, there are more toxins being discharged into the air because of the extraction and preparing. Utilizing reused material produces less poisons and is better for nature (Weber, n. d.). Reusing assists with diminishing the measure of trash being made. This implies we are diminishing the size of our landfills. The less trash going into our landfills, the less trash we need to consume to debris. (Onsola, 2017). Landfills likewise make a fluid called leachate which happens when flotsam and jetsam crumbles in the landfill and holes through the waste which can dirty the land, groundwater, and conduits (Environment Victoria, 2013). When reusing, we can diminish the measure of ozone harming substances going into our condition (Knowledgiate Team, 2017). This can make different natural issues. In 2005, Pennsylvania DEP expressed that by reusing, it decreased ozone depleting substances by 9 million tons of carbon dioxide. By reusing we lessen the need to combust non-renewable energy sources. (Sherman, n.d.). To ensure we need our future generation’s air to be breathable. Another advantage to reusing is that it makes a feasible measure of assets. At the point when we reuse, we are turning old, utilized material into new, usable material. By reusing we spare more assets, for instance when we utilize virgin materials, it is originating from regular assets. Around 40% of our waste originates from paper. On the off chance that we reused our paper rather, we could spare a large number of trees and furthermore diminish the measure of waste going into our condition. (DLCSRecycling, n.d.).When we chop down trees, it is for new mash which will be utilized for original paper. Rather we could utilize reused paper which can in all likelihood be utilized to make paper which is only a decent quality as the paper produced using virgin material (Schenker, 2017). Our people in the future will likewise require these assets, so as opposed to squandering what we have we ought to reuse. In conclusion, another star to reusing is that it spares untamed life. At the point when we don’t reuse we are demolishing living spaces. For instance, when we chop down trees for a paper we are decimating homes of natural life. By not reusing we are likewise contaminating numerous homes of creatures. Green SC expresses that more than one million seabirds, 100,000 ocean warm blooded animals, and 50,000 hide seals bite the dust yearly as a result of plastic litter that we people put into the water (Lake, 2015). Turtles that eat jellyfish mistake plastic packs for food and afterward gag and kick the bucket on them (Tay, 2016). We are destroying the biological equalization of environments. This will likewise influence our food sources later on as it might cause the eradication of plants and creatures. By accomplishing something as basic as reusing, we diminish the requirement for new material, sparing nature from hurt (Missimer, n.d.).

The National Food Security Mission Environmental Sciences Essay

With the Stagnating supplement grain creation and an expanding ingestion request of turning populace of India, The National Development Council ( NDC ) on 29th May, 2007 in its 53rd gathering received the statement to build up a Food Security Mission and with this result the Food Security Mission came into nearness on August, 2007. So as to ensure the supplement security on a practical balance for its nation men, the technique has focused to expand the creation of rice by 10 million dozenss, wheat by 8 million dozenss and throbs by 2 million dozenss by the terminal of Eleventh Plan ( 2011-12 ) . It is a halfway Sponsored Scheme, taking to connect the yield spread through airing of improved engineerings and homestead heading designs. This technique has an of import work in expanding the productiveness of supplement grains of India, it has advantage over the green upset as it is covering 17 regions more than what green upheaval secured. As we will see the effect it has made in expanding the productiveness in the ulterior bit of the examination, the figures are idealistic and it will have the option to achieve its characteristic of expanding supplement productiveness by the twelvemonth 2011-2012 to run into the interest of the turning populace. Strategic Increment creation of rice, wheat and throbs through nation development and profitability improvement in a maintainable mode in the distinguished domains of the state. To build the creation of rice by 10 million dozenss, wheat by 8 million dozenss and throbs by 2 million dozenss by the terminal of the Eleventh Plan ( 2011-12 ) . Reestablish earth birthrate and productiveness at the single homestead degree. Production of work chances ; and Improve ranch degree monetary framework ( for example ranch overall gains ) to reproduce affirmation among the husbandmans. Store Allotment The whole store dispensed to this methodology is 4880 crores for uplifting the supplement grain creation of rice by 10 million metric tons, wheat by 8 million tones and throbs by 2 million metric tons by 2011-12. It is for three harvests, which are rice, wheat and throbs. Rice and wheat are the significant grains devoured in India and involves 80 % of our oat ingestion. While throbs incorporate a few â€Å" dekaliters â€Å" like garbanzo, pigeon pea ( tur ) , mung bean, urad bean, structure bit of our fundamental eating routine and are the significant start of protein. Plan To achieve the above points, the Mission received after plans: Dynamic clash of the considerable number of partners at grouped degrees Advancement and augmentation of improved engineerings for example , seed, Integrated Nutrient Management including micronutrients, soil revisions, IPM and asset conservation engineerings alongside limit building of husbandmans Stream of reserve will be checked to ensure that interventions arrive at the imprint donees on cut. Grouped mediations proposed would be incorporated with the region program and stamps for each distinguished domain would be fixed. Immutable checking and incidental rating for estimating the effect of the interventions for an outcome situated assault by the executing authorities. Strategic A. National Level A General Council ( GC ) will be established under the chairmanship of the Union Agriculture Minister. A Mission Director will be designated at the national degree. The making out of the GC will be as under: Priest of Agriculture Chairman Secretary ( An and A ; C ) Member Secretary ( DARE ) and A ; DG ( ICAR ) Member Secretary, Ministry of Finance Member Counsel ( Agriculture ) , Planing Commission Member Horticulture Commissioner Member Strategic Member Secretary The GC will be the arrangement doing natural structure providing fit mandates and advice to the Mission and reevaluating the general headway and improvement of the methodology. The GC will be engaged to rests and correct the operational rules, decide need-based reallocation of assets across States and regions and O.K. endeavors according to the requests. Be that as it may, the sponsorship standards as affirmed by the Government will in no fortunes be surpassed for any of the Mission constituents. The GC will run into at any rate twice a twelvemonth. A National Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( NFSMEC ) would be established under the chairmanship of Secretary, Department of Agriculture and A ; Cooperation to regulate the exercises of the Mission and to O.K. the State Action Plans. The NFSMEC will comprise the adherents: Secretary ( An and A ; C ) Chairman Secretary ( DARE ) and A ; DG, ICAR Member Secretary, MOWR Member Secretary, Department of Fertilizers Member Guide ( Agri ) , Planing Commission Member Horticulture Commissioner Member Five ( 5 ) specialists on collect creation Member Strategic Member Secretary Capacity of the NFSMEC will be to direct the exercises of the Mission and to O.K. the single State Action Plans. The Chairman may set up more individuals to the commission according to request. The NFSMEC will run into one time in each one-fourth. A Particular Food Security Cell made in the Department of Agriculture and A ; Cooperation ( DAC ) will flexibly the fundamental help to the GC and NFSMEC and will administrate the NFSM. NFSMEC will ensure smooth useful linkages among various authorities. NFSMEC will, in the underlying periods of the Mission, meet tri-month to month. Actualizing departments associated with the executing of the Mission ‘s program will be responsible to the NFSMEC. A National Food Security Mission Cell will be made in the Crops Division of DAC by redeploying officials/staff from inside the Department. There would be three additional Commissioners one each for rice, wheat and throbs and three Deputy Commissioners one each for the few harvests. Two Adjunct Commissioners, three Assistant Directors, three STAs and back uping staff will other than be set in the Cell. B. State Level A State Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( SFSMEC ) will be established by the State Governments under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary to regulate the exercises of the Mission in the State. Secretary ( Agriculture ) , Secretary ( Irrigation ) , Secretary ( Power ) and agents from different Departments concerned, SAUs, ICAR Institutes, lead Bankss, and so forth will be the individuals from the SFSMEC. A State Mission Director will be delegated in the graduated table of Director ( from inside the State Government or outside ) . The basic law of the State Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( SFSMEC ) will be as per the following: Boss Secretary of the State Chairman Secretary ( Agriculture ) Member Secretary ( Irrigation ) Member Secretary ( Power ) Member Bad habit Chancellor ( s ) of SAUs Member Executive/Project Director of ICAR Institutes Member Delegates of Lead Bankss Member State Mission Director Member Secretary The State Governments will hold to set up or make a fit free agency enrolled under the Societies Registration Act for executing the Mission at the State and region degrees. The authority in this way named will actualize the Mission ‘s program in the State. Such an authority could be the State Agricultural Management and A ; Extension Training Institute ( SAMETI ) at the State Level and the Agriculture Technology Management Agency ( ATMA ) at the region degree. Separate chronicles for the technique would be kept up by the State and the District degree Agencies according to the Account codification endorsed by the NSFMEC. The one-year chronicles would be promptly inspected by an employed officer each twelvemonth. The State Level Agency will hold the undermentioned obligations: Get ready position and State Action Plan in consonant rhyme with the Mission ‘s closures and points and in close coordination with State Agriculture Universities ( SAUs ) and ICAR Institutes. Sort out/conduct benchmark study and achievability surveies in the nation of activity ( domain, sub-locale or a gathering of regions ) to discover the situation of reap creation, its conceivable and request. Comparable surveies would other than be embraced for different constituents of the projects. Execution of the Mission ‘s programs in the State through husbandmans social orders, Non-Governmental Organizations ( NGOs ) , agriculturists ‘ affiliations, self improvement gatherings, State foundations and other comparative substances. Arrange workshops, courses and creating programs for husbandmans and different partners at the State degree with the guide of State Agriculture Universities and ICAR Institutes in the area/State. Fundss would be straight gotten by it from the National Food Security Mission to execute the endorsed Action Plan for the State. C. Region Level At the domain degree, the technique will be actualized through the Agricultural Technology Management Agency ( ATMA ) . The State Level Agency will flexibly the required financess to the District Level Agency for executing of the program at the region/square degree. A District Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( DFSMEC ) will be comprised for undertaking arrangement, execution and checking of the technique constituents through the District Agriculture Department. The District Collector or Chief Executive Officer of the Zilla Parishad ( according to bing standards of the State Government ) will be the leader of the DFSMEC. DFSMEC will hold agents from the line Departments concerned including SAUs, KVKs, ATMA, dynamic husbandmans, self improvement gatherings of husbandmans and rumored NGOs as its individuals. The Deputy Director ( Agriculture )/District Agriculture Officer will be the Member Secretary of the DFSMEC. The central law of the DFSMEC will be as per the following: Region Collector/CEO of Zilla Parishad Chairman Agents from line Departments Member Assigned dynamic husbandmans Member Agents from personality help gatherings of hus

Concept of tax - Free Essay Example

First we will define the concept of tax avoidance and tax evasion. There is no universally accepted definitions of tax avoidance and tax evasion. HMRC define tax avoidance as an activity that a person or a business may undertake to reduce their tax in a way that runs counter to the spirit and the purpose of the law, without being strictly illegal. Tax evasion, in contrast, is usually defined as a violation of the law (Hood, C. 1986). Tax avoidance is the utilization of the loopholes in the countries tax laws to ones own advantage, while tax evasion is not paying the taxes al together. While tax avoidance is within the legal framework of the countries law tax evasion is illegal. Now we will get into more detailed definitions of tax evasion and avoidance. Tax Avoidance: Tax avoidance is the utilization of the legal loopholes or the legal privileges provided to citizen or company of a country by its government. Tax avoidance is the legal right of an individual provided by the government to reduce the tax burden and decrease the level of tax evasion.( Stella, P. 1992) Some of the examples of tax evasions are: Tax Avoidance Through Change Of Country: One of the ways utilized by an individual or a company to lower the tax burden is by constantly travelling to different countries or by shifting permanently to a country with lower or no tax environment. Such a country is called tax havens. The policy adopted in this case is that an individual or a company shifts its asset or base of operation to tax havens thus avoiding higher taxes.( Stella, P. 1992) But now many countries such as USA have realized the potential loss of revenue through such a practice of tax avoidance. Hence these countries are now taxing all their citizens and companies on all income generated by them throughout the world. (Hood, C. 1986) Double Taxation Double taxation is a policy where in an individual or a company is taxed by the country of its residence and by country of its origin. Most countries impose taxes on income earned or gains realized within that country regardless of the country of residence of the person or firm. Although many countries have entered into bilateral double taxation treaty. In this treaty an individual or a company once taxed by one country is not again taxed by another country. Though, this kind of treaty is rarely done with tax havens. Creating A Separate Legal Entities Another general practice adopted by individuals for tax avoidance is to create a separate legal entity. The separate legal entity is often company, trust, society, NGO or foundation. Under this practice an individual transfer his property and his assets to these legal entities so that the income earned is transferred to this legal entity. (Hood, C. 1986)Usually one is only personally taxed on property and earnings that one actually owns; thus, by donating assets to a separate legal entity, personal taxation can be avoided, although corporate taxes may still be applicable. If the legal entity is ever liquidated and the assets transferred back to an individual, then capital gains taxes would apply on all profits. Transfer Price Manipulation: Transfer pricing is simply the act of pricing of goods and services or intangibles when the same is given for use or consumption to a related party (e.g. Subsidiary) (Hood, C. 1986). There can be either Market-based, i.e. equivalent to what is being charged in the outside market for similar goods, or it can be non-market based. Importantly, two-thirds of the managers say their transfer pricing is non-market based. There can be internal and external reasons for transfer pricing. Internal include motivating managers and monitoring performance, e.g. by putting a cost to imported inputs. External would be taxes and tariffs. Tax Evasion Tax evasion is a general term often used in cases where in an individual or a company evades taxes all together. Here in this case an individual or a company deliberately conceals his or her income from the tax authorities to reduce the tax liability or not to pay taxes all together. Various forms of tax evasion are: Non Declaration Of Income: This is the most common form of tax evasion practiced by individuals. Under this form of tax evasion an individual would not declare all his income to the tax officials. Sometime an individual may be working at more than one places and hence has more than one source of income, he may choose not to disclose all the income. This is generally possible only if the extra income he generates comes in form of cash and does not show on the system. Non Payment Of Customs Duty Customs duties are an important source of revenue for any country. In this case the importers avoid paying of custom duty by either under pricing the products that are brought in the country or by understating the quantity of the goods brought in the country. Smuggling Of Goods It is a practice where in an individual do not pay any kind of custom duty on the product that is being brought in or being taken out of the country, it is a criminal offence in most countries. Evasion Of VAT And Sales Tax Under this an individual or a company may evade paying Value added Taxes or sales tax by underreporting the sales of the good. United Kingdom And Tax Avoidance/Evasion While the term â€Å"Tax evasion and Avoidance† was well established in USA by 1920s (Sears, 1922), in UK there was still no distinction between Tax avoidance and tax evasion by as late as 1950. Till that time the term evasion was regularly used in the sense of avoidance. The official terminology and distinction between avoidance and evasion was established in a case between Craven vs White in 1970. Further in this field a new term was coined tax mitigation. Tax mitigation is a process through which individual tax liabilities are reduced without tax avoidance. Now tax avoidance was redefined as a process which designed to defeat the intention of the parliament. (IRC vs Willoughby, 70 TC 57.) Tax mitigation would include activities like gifts to charity, donations, investment in products designed for tax benefits. These activities are in the spirit of the law. EU And UK Tax Problems UK has traditionally attracted a higher level of foreign direct investments, mainly because of its lower corporate taxation and financial stability, this has attracted the envy of other European Union members. The only option EU states have is to go for tax parity with UK or for tax harmonization. The Single Market gives the EU the means to end the UKs autonomy in corporate taxation. One of the member of Ruding Committee which has investigated company taxation in the EU in 1992, noted that )( Chowdhury, F. L. ,1992) ‘There was no doubt in the †¦ Committee that a common currency requires at least minimum harmonisation of direct taxation. The result is that other countries will increasingly be able to decide Britains tax strategy especially if the UK joins EU. Any of EUs economic benefits (no exchange rates, lower interest rates) would be cancelled by the significant increase in UK corporation tax to match the continental average of 43.8% (weighted to take account of population). Whereas recent UK tax policy has lightened the burden and encouraged investment, continental taxes have risen (by the EUs own calculation, 35% — 42% of GDP 1981- 1995. Harmonisation of EU member states tax rates would mean higher taxes for the UK, since other states are unable or unwilling to reduce the tax burden on their voters and institutional developments inside EU would end the need for unanimity among European Union members over tax matters. Also recently there have been conflicts regarding taxation between EU and UK, (Erard et al 2001) in a recent case involving stamp duty reserve tax (SDRT). The case in question involves HSBC which has just won what is predicted to be the right to a tax repayment of  £27m after the European Court of Justice ruled that a tax HMRC has collected since 1986 is illegal. It seems that elements of the law concerning SDRT have always been incompatible with EU law such that refunds will be available dating back to when the tax was introduced. In the light of this decision the government scrapped the tax on some share transactions after the European Court of Justice ruled it breaks EU law. The Telegraph reports that the UK Treasury (ie: the taxpayer) (9)could be forced to repay as much as  £20bn to companies as a result of this ruling. One of the arguments employed in the battle against abusive tax avoidance and tax evasion is the rule of law. We should all comply with it. Equally so should the Government.There are numerous cases however making their way to or through the European Court because the Government has not complied with European law when framing or amending UK tax laws(Erard et al 2001) Where such allegations are made the cases are staunchly defended by HMRC on behalf of the Government. Many such cases are the subject of Group Litigation Orders where a number of taxpayers claim that the UK law is incompatible with European law and thus the tax in question should not be paid or should be repaid to them. The conflicts regarding UK and EU will continue mainly because: the EU law was not properly considered when the UK law was framed; and those cases where, after full consideration, the UK law was crafted in an effort to avoid the restrictions imposed by EU law. Until these matters are resolved the conflicts would continue. References (1988) 62 TC 1 at 197. Minimising Taxes, Sears, 1922, Vernon Law Book Co. Chowdhury, F. L. (1992) Evasion of Customs Duty in Bangladesh, unpublished MBA dissertation, Graduate School of Management, Monash University, Australia. Stella, P. [1992] Tax Farming A radical Solution for Developing Country Tax Problem, IMF Working Paper No. 92/70 Alam. D (1999) Introduction of PSI system in Bangladesh: Facts and Documents, Desh Prokashon, Dhaka. Hood, C. (1986) Privatizing UK tax Law Enforcement?, Public Administration, Vol. 64, Autumn, 1986, p. 319-33. Chowdhury, F. L. [1992] Evasion of Customs Duty in Bangladesh, unpublished MBA dissertation, Graduate School of Management, Monash University, Australia. Stella, P. (1992) Tax Farming A radical Solution for Developing Country Tax Problem, IMF Working Paper No. 92/70. NBR showcauses Cotecna on car import scam, New Age New York Times, 06 August 2003 Dreher, Axel and Friedrich Schneider (2006), Corruption and the Shadow Economy –An Empirical Analysis, CREMA Working Paper 2006-01. Epstein, Gerald A. (2005), Capital Flight and Capital Controls in Developing Erard, Brian and Jonathan S. Feinstein, 2001, Estimating the Federal Income Tax GapUsing Operational Audit Data, report prepared for the IRS Economic Analysis and Modeling Group

A1 Cava - 2459 Words

Unit 301 Understanding the Principles and Practices of Assessment |1.1 Explain the roles functions of: | |initial assessment in identifying learner needs | |formative assessment in tracking learner progress | |summative assessment in assessing learner achievement | |The initial assessment pin-points the learners individual needs. This can lead to additional support being†¦show more content†¦It is positive, tending to stress what a learner can do rather than what they | |cannot. | |1.2 Explain the following key concepts and principles of assessment: | |assessment as a process of making judgments of learners’ knowledge, skills and competence against set criteria | |what is meant by validity and reliability | |the role of evidence in making assessment decisions | |what is meant by evidence being authentic, sufficient and current | |the importance of objectivity and fairness to learners | |the importance of transparency for the learner | |There are many principles of assessment should be valid, Validity ensures that assessment tasks and associated criteria effectively | |measure leaner’sShow MoreRelatedSystemic Lupus Erythematosus ( Sle )1591 Words   |  7 PagesSystemic Lupus Erythematosus Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple tissues and systems and with significant variable clinical features and organ involvement (Cava, 2010). It is characterized by a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue with wide spectrum of involvement of skin, joints, kidneys and serosal membranes. The exact etiology is noknown, but it represents failure of the regulatory mechanisms

Reflection Paper On Dominican Republic - 819 Words

Dominican Republic Reflection I thought going back to the Dominican Republic for a second year would feel like being the parents on Christmas morning: you get to watch everyone else’s reaction to the stuff you’ve already seen, and you just get to sit back and help throw away the wrapping paper. I thought I had, in a way, already had my transformative moment; I was there to see my Dominican friends again, to help my HGP friends experience the trip, and to do some good for the people of the Dominican Republic. Most of the week felt that way. I was still bonding and having fun with the kids, but it definitely felt like I was there to help more than to experience. I felt more emotionally protected, and it wasn’t until I was saying goodbye†¦show more content†¦It’s not something that can be quantified; I can’t show you pictures of all the houses we built, or of the rainwater ditch we dug. I don’t even think saying that the trip was life-c hanging does it justice, because the whole concept of â€Å"life-changing† is pretty clichà ©. After all, how could just two weeks in a country really â€Å"change your life?† Again, you kind of have to be there. So what makes this trip so unique? What’s the takeaway? What did I really learn? Well for one, I can say that I have so much interest in and respect for Hispanic and especially Dominican culture. Hospitality, acceptance, kindness, and a welcoming smile are things that are certainly lacking in the states. It may seem insignificant, but there’s something special about walking past a stranger, and not having to put your head down, make a stern face, and continue in a straight line. But I think the bigger lesson to learn, though, involves poverty and inequality of opportunity. Two years ago, I could have pulled up tons of statistics about poverty, and how poor the majority of the world is. 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Organisational Structure for Assessment of Memo †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Organisational Structure for Assessment. Answer: Purpose/prompt: The aim of this memo is to conduct what went wrong for Qantas airlines and what are the initiatives which should be taken by Qantas to cover lost grounds and bring back the trust that the public have on it. Thesis: The flight with 747 passengers on board towards Sydney when and explosion took place in the aircraft engine thus the pilots were forced to land the plane in San Francisco. After this there were two more incidents which took place in Singapore thus the reputation of the airlines was at stake. Preview: Through the successive years of growth, Qantas Airlines had to go through many problems in this particular years. The Qantas of four engine had left from Sam Francisco International airports Boeing about 747 passengers. The plane was on its way towards Sydney as when the explosion occurred in the four engine. The pilots started to dump fuel in the Pacific Ocean and measure a safe successful landing back to San Francisco. It was the first time for Qantas Airlines to face the problem ("Qantas Airways Limited 2011 Strategy Day", 2011). Qantas Airbus A380 return back to Singapore after taking a short take-off as when the explosion cause in the engine of the aircraft on November 9, 2010. Again on the day of November 5, the plane makes a way back to Singapore Boeing 747 passengers due to the fault of an engine. These are some of the cause of Qantas Airways for which the reputation and early revenue is coming low. So, there are some of the ways that the management need to be focuse d on getting back its reputation. 1.Three key issues identified in the case (what went wrong?) During the mishap an oil pipe of the engine got fractured which lead to fire in the engine. After that the turbine engine disintegrated. Later on it was found that the dispute in the engine which was manufactured by Rolls Royce was the main cause of failure. 2.Future actions Qantas can take Few things which Qantas can do to upgrade its technology are usage if cloud for storage of cockpit data, reassessing and reprograming the black box for safety and better flight safety check of every engine before going for the actual run. 3.Factors to consider when using social media Prioritizing the goals is of utmost importance while using social media. Without clear goals the social media plan is useless and also aimless (Six important factors to consider for a social media strategy, 2017). Chalking out the target audience is also important, if the target audience is not known then the channels could not be chosen properly and thus the whole thing would be aimless (Three vital factors to consider when creating a social network ecosystem, 2014). 4.Communication Plan Template 1.Timing Qantas Airlines should take the time of any festival or any other occasion by giving the process of advertisement and offer that the target audience can be targeted by getting opportunities to go through a plane. The audience mainly looks over the advertisement which is given by the organization on any occasion. Therefore that gives a good revenue. 2.Audience Through the planning of communications, a message is delivered to the targeted audience which gives great results to have a great outcome to the management of Qantas Airlines to solve the problem or issues. These processes are taken to get the target audience or passengers directly or by whom the passengers can be influenced. Force media to give a report to the newspaper of the issue and programs. Interest should be vested to OST programs ("Creating a Stakeholder Communications Plan", 2017). Delivers messages through community forums, organized events, and media opportunities. Make direct mail pieces which can be delivered to the target audience. Use other local business to deliver messages to the community. 3.Sender The plan is been taken by Public Relation Officer or Chief Executive officer of the management community to get a communication with the target audience by giving a proper advertisement about Qantas Airlines. The public relation office or Chief Executive officer plan many things like fare discounts, luxury status and other many more liable ideas for the passengers to gets a proper revenue and good status of its organization ("The case for PR at Qantas", 2011). 4.Key Message If the management of Qantas Airlines once has decided to list the target audience then there need of some key messages to develop some unique issue and concerns. The process of key message is done to give relevant communication to the target audience that they can understand the point of view. It is to be important that the management community groups should receive the superseding key message that has set in by the audience (Buhalis, 2003). To get support and also to achieve the business goal the key message is important by the management of Qantas Airlines to get a proper communication with the audience. 5.Desired Outcome Through this process of targeting audience and key message, there is some desire that the management is expecting from the audience. The Qantas Airline's management had taken all types of measurement to get back their reputation. The offer that has given by management on Qantas Twitter page that the first 50 passengers who will win the competition will gain first class seats and amenity luxury kit of Qantas. This is the process that can target the audience and can have a good desired outcomes through its reputation as well as in revenue. 6.Medium Twitter is one of the social networking in high business management. The high revenue people use twitter on every account. Qantas Airlines should take a strategy by distributing its business process like real time updates, reinforce core brand message and respond properly to the passenger's compliments, comments, and comments. Besides Twitter, social networking sites like Wats App and Facebook is other two source of the medium that can be used by Qantas Airlines to distribute their business offer and activities that the passenger can follow or see it and can compare it with other airlines ("QANTAS AIRWAYS LIMITED 2011 STRATEGY DAY", 2011). The Qantas Airlines should also use other social networking sites to go through the business and again to gain its reputation. 7.Materials The make good relation media program, Qantas Airlines management need to develop the materials these above materials. By using the upper materials it is easy to determine that which materials are best for getting those goals by making the most of the company resources. The materials that need to be used by the management of Qantas Airlines are Press Kits: The press kit must be prepared in a way that is stress-free for the news media to use. Press release: A press release should tell the story or news about the organization are trying to deliver ("QANTAS: NOT JUST ANOTHER AIRLINE", 2011). Op-ed articles: Op-ed articles deliver individuals with a chance to remark on subjects that disturb the target audience. Byline articles: it is retained by a projecting person who has reliability in their field. Letter to the editor: permitting individuals the chance to remark on recent news stories or local creativities. Newsletters: interconnect with your audience on a steady basis. Public Service announcement is free airplay that television and radio stations give to non-profit making organizations. Background rally: background videos, may help in receiving the organization news on television. 8.Frequency The advertisement or offer that will be provided by Qantas Airlines management through the networking sites or practically will be frequent so that the audience can get it into their mind. If the process will be frequent than it is best for the audience to catch so they can use the offer and luxury place in the airlines of Qantas. Summary No organization like Qantas can say strongly that their aircraft will not go any problem while traveling. Through this study, it has seen that the Qantas has faced many problems which have locked down their reputation. So, to get back up their position the following process that which have mentioned above are assured to gain back the reputation of Qantas Airlines and will earn more revenue. Reiterate thesis/blueprint The aim of the memo was to create a communication plan for Qantas Airlines to re-communicate with its customers so as to re phrase the image of the airlines which got ruined due to the mishaps. Polite Closure We would hope that Qantas could be able to regain its old image and be on the top list of being the safest airline in the world. References Buhalis, D. (2003). Strategic and tactical use of ICTs in the airline industry.Eairlines. Retrieved from https://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1120/1/fulltext.pdf Creating a Stakeholder Communications Plan.(2017).SPARC. Retrieved from https://www.sportbop.co.nz/downloads/3.4._Creating_a_Stakeholder_Communications_Plan.pdf Qantas Airways Limited 2011 Strategy Day", 2011).Qantas. Retrieved from https://investor.qantas.com/FormBuilder/_Resource/_module/doLLG5ufYkCyEPjF1tpgyw/file/presentations/qantas-strategy-day-presentation-2011.pdf QANTAS: NOT JUST ANOTHER AIRLINE. (2011).Transport Workers Union Of Australia (TWU). Retrieved from https://www.twu.com.au/CMSPages/GetFile.aspx?nodeguid=9296801d-3a49-4a65-856b-162846f94ef7 Six important factors to consider for a social media strategy. (2017).Abacus. Retrieved from https://www.abacusmarketing.co.uk/factors-to-consider-for-a-social-media-strategy/ The case for PR at Qantas. (2011).BBS Communication Group. Retrieved from https://bbscommunications.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/The-case-for-PR-at-Qantas-November-2011.pdf Three vital factors to consider when creating a social network ecosystem. (2014).Baagworks. Retrieved from https://boagworld.com/content-strategy/three-vital-factors-to-consider-when-creating-a-social-network-ecosystem/